PREVENTIVE DENTAL MEDICINE AND PEDODONTICS

Introduction, public health aspects of oral diseases, definition, subject matter and objective of preventive dentistry

Oral disease prevention strategies

Biological protection mechanisms in the oral cavity

Aetiology of dental caries

Aetiology of parodontopathy

Role of dental plaque or biofilm (oral microorganisms) and saliva in the aetiology of oral diseases

Nutrition and oral health Analysis of nutrition, vitamins, diets (vegetarian, organic, vitamin, etc.), proteins, fats, carbohydrates

Specificities of nutrition, groups at a high-risk of oral diseases – early childhood caries

 - eating disorders, hypertension

Diagnosing the risk of oral diseases

Dental protection programs Types of programs, planning, implementation

Evaluation, school dental care Content, organisation, implementation,

evaluation

Dental care classes (learning) Dental learning program

(state, regional, local) - basic principles - public needs and acceptance

- preparation of audiovisual materials, use of written materials

Dental care classes (learning) - teaching methodology (knowledge

transfer) (subject matter and objectives) - preparing tests for evaluating knowledge before and after

healthcare classes - communication (preparation of letters, verbal and

written contacts, etc.) - motivation

Fluorides and oral health – basic knowledge about fluorine – toxicology – use of

fluorides in caries prevention and treatment

Caries prophylaxis Fissure sealants Interceptive orthopaedics

Epidemiology of oral diseases, indices for monitoring oral diseases

Pedodontics:

Basics, objectives, tasks and specificities of paediatric dentistry Paediatric dentistry

as a branch of dentistry. Main objectives of paediatric dentistry Importance of preserving

the health of children’s oral cavity and teeth National pathology of oral and tooth diseases in

preschool children, school children and adolescents

Child in the dental office (role and tasks of the dental hygienist). Child's behaviour

in the dental office Classification of children by age and behaviour; psychological

types of children Child’s first visit to the dentist Admission of children, the dental hygienist's and staff attitude

 Cooperation with parents, accompanying persons, teachers, etc.

Dental documents, records, dental examination

Dental examinations (general, first, check-up, targeted) General patient assessment (stature,

age, speech) Medical history (therapy, issues, current illnesses, medical history,

family medical history) Examination of the oral cavity, breath, lips, buccal mucosa,

gingivae, tongue and the sublingual region, palate, saliva, teeth) Dental

documents   

Orofacial system growth and development Prenatal development Postnatal development

Tooth development (odontogenesis), initiation, proliferation, histodifferentiation and

morphodifferentiation, apposition, eruption, root resorption stage

Formation of enamel (amelogenesis), dentine (dentinogenesis), tooth root, pulp and

alveolar crest Development of permanent teeth and dental lamina

Tooth eruption. Tooth eruption stages (pre-eruptive, eruptive, post-eruptive)

Eruption mechanism Root resorption of deciduous teeth Chronology of the development and eruption of

deciduous and permanent teeth   

Irregularities in tooth development. Irregularities in tooth eruption General disorders in

tooth eruption Local disorders in tooth eruption Delayed tooth eruption

Disorders during root resorption of deciduous teeth Abnormal number of teeth

Abnormal size, shape, position and colour of teeth Abnormal teeth structure

(general and local factors, intoxication) Abnormal teeth structure

caused by hereditary factors (amelogenesis imperfecta,

dentinogenesis imperfecta, dentin dysplasia) Idiopathic irregularities

in tooth structure   

Dental caries in children and adolescents (early childhood caries); caries in deciduous teeth

Therapy Specificities of caries of deciduous and permanent teeth in children (structure,

tissue thickness, histological characteristics) Enamel, dentine, cemental caries

Diseases of the deciduous and permanent tooth pulp in children; Aetiology: Causes,

microbiological, chemical, physical, pathogenic Indications for treating

dental pulp diseases: general health condition, motivation, oral status, tooth type,

disease type   

Materials for dental fillings in paediatric dentistry Characteristics of materials used for

dental fillings Characteristics of materials used for dental fillings for children Substances for

toilet of the cavity. Materials for temporary cavity fillings, bases

Diseases of the periodontal and soft tissues in children; Characteristics and specificity of

oral soft tissues and teeth in children of various age Oral mucosa injuries: mechanical,

thermal, chemical Morphological changes in the lips: change of colour,

surface texture, size Oral mucosal pigmentation

Tongue diseases Primary diseases, developmental anomalies of the tongue

Viral and fungal infections; Viral infections (stomatitis herpetica, h.s.

recidivans, herpes zoster, varicella, parotitis epidemica, herpangina, rubeola,

morbilli, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, AIDS)

Fungal infections: moniliasis and actinomycosis       

Working with children with special needs; Specificities of disabled children,

aetiology, mental disability, medical disability Oral health status

in disabled children Dental healthcare for disabled

children: physical disabilities, communication disorders (speech disorders,

deafness, blindness, cerebral palsy, autism) Sedation and treatment of

children with special needs under general anaesthesia

Dental trauma in children; Aetiology of dental traumas in children: cause, manner and means

of trauma occurrence, psychological type of the person suffering a trauma, predisposing

factors, ecological factors, place of trauma occurrence Epidemiology of

dental trauma in children, trauma frequency with regard to sex, dentition

Classification of traumas       

Oral surgeries Specificities of oral surgeries in children

Preparing children for an oral surgery Consent of parents, doctors and

relevant specialists   

Emergencies  Odontogenic infections in children, anaphylactic shock, local

allergic reactions, acute asthma attack, syncope, collapse, hysterical fit,

epileptic seizure, airway obstruction, hypoglycaemia, hypo- and hyperventilation syndrome.       

PRACTICAL CLASSES:   

Introductory exercise (workplace preparation)

Admission of children, preparation, relationship with children and parents, scheduling appointments

Teamwork. Participation of hygienists in a dental examination, keeping

dental documents   

Characteristics of deciduous dentition (identifying deciduous and permanent teeth)

Irregular tooth development   

Diseases of dental hard tissue in children and adolescents

Complications of caries, diseases of the dental pulp in children and young people

Diseases of the periodontium in children

Diseases of dental soft tissue in children

Viral and fungal diseases in children

Acute odontogenic infections in children and adolescents

Tooth extraction and oral surgeries in children

Injuries to soft and hard oral tissues in children

Emergencies in paediatric dentistry

Dental materials in paediatric dentistry