Students will learn basic (pre-clinical) and clinical characteristics of histology and embryology. Histology and embryology will be considered from a functional point of view with special emphasis on normal histology, normal development and developmental irregularities.
Some areas of functional histology, human development and teratology will be elaborated more thoroughly at seminars and elective courses. Microscoping, histological structure of tissues and organs and histological characteristics of early phases of embryos will be studied during the exercises.
Connective tissue. Cells in the connective tissue. Intercellular space and fibers. Mesenchyme, loose and firm connective tissue. Cartilage tissue. Fat tissue. White and brown fat tissue. Bone. Types of ossification. Muscles. Histophysiology of muscle contraction. Peripheral and central nervous system. Neurons, neuroglia. Peripheral nerve, ganglia. Spinal cord. The cerebellum. Brainstem. Forebrain Synapse. Nerve endings. Epidermis. The distribution of the epithelial tissue. Glands epithelium. Skin. Structure and functional histology. Hair, nails, skin glands. Milk glands. Endocrine glands and functional histology of individual glands. Thyroid gland. Parathyroid gland. Adrenal glands. Hypophysis. Epiphysis. Diffuse endocrine system. Paraganglia. Blood and functional histology of blood cells. Hematopoiesis and periods of hematopoiesis. Lymphatic system. Lymph nodes. Spleen. Thymus. Tonsils. Circulation. Arteries. Veins. Brain membranes. Heart. Digestion. Digestive tract. Liver. Pancreas. Respiratory organs. Lungs. Urinary tract. Kidney. Bladder. Male sexual organ. Testicles. Ductus deferens. Penis. Female sexual organ. Ovaries. Fallopian tube. Uterus. Vagina. Organs of the sensation. Eye. Ear. Embriology. Embryo. Fetus. Development of the cardiovascular system. Development of the urogenital system. Development of the nervous system. Development of pharyngeal organs. Development of digestive organs. Eye development. Placenta. Teratology. Teratogens.
Required course materials:
- Junqueira LC, Carneiro J: Osnove histologije, udžbenik i atlas prema 10. američkom izdanju. Školska knjiga, Zagreb, 2006.
- Sadler TW: Langmanova medicinske embriologija, 10. izdanje. Školska knjiga, Zagreb, 2009.
Supplemental course materials:
- Wheater's functional histology. Young Barbara, O'Dowd Geraldine, Woodford Phillip. 6. izdanje. Elsevier, 2014.
- Moore Keith L.,Persaud T.V.N., Torchia Mark G. The developing human. Clinically oriented embryology. 10. izdanje. Elsevier, 2016.
- Larsen's human embryology. Schoenwolf, Bleyl, Brauer, Francis West. 5. izdanje. Elsevier, 2015.
Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
1. Determine the morphological and functional characteristics of differently differentiated cells and the ways of their association in tissues
2. Compare the characteristics of the material with the functional characteristics of individual organs
3. Identify, analyze and determine individual periods of embryonic and fetal development
4. Assess sensitive periods of development and predict possible developmental disorders after the harmful effects of teratogenic factors
5. Conclude the basics necessary for understanding the function of the human body and recognizing morphological and pathological tissue changes at the microscopic level
6. Judge the structures of various tissues and organs of a healthy person on histological preparations
7. Valorize human histology and embryology
